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Certificate of Teaching

Dance Teacher Level 1

For Candidates

INTRODUCTION

The Certificate of Teaching is a course of study and assessment developed by the Education Committee of the World Dance Organisation (WDO). The program aims to assist beginning teachers, whether amateur or professional, in developing the skills required to successfully pursue their teaching career. As the first level in the WDO Teacher/Coach Development Program, it includes areas of knowledge and skills considered necessary for the successful education of dance teachers. This program is not intended to replace traditional ‘teacher qualifications’ required for accreditation by other dance organisations but rather to complement such qualifications.

Assessment Structure

The length of the assessment will be 1 hour and 15 minutes per dance style (Ballroom, Latin).

Practical Performance

  1. **Solo Demonstration of Each Dance Without Music**

A candidate will dance 16 bars of each dance in both roles (as a leader and as a follower).

  1. **Counting While Dancing**

A candidate will count 8 bars in slows and quicks (in dances where this is possible) and 8 bars in numbers.

The demonstration of figures should be accurate in poise, alignment, footwork, timing, body movement and positioning.

Theoretical Knowledge

  1. **General Questions**

The candidate will answer five questions from the General question bank.

  1. **Dance-Specific Questions**

The candidate will answer five questions from the Dance-Specific question bank.

  1. **Precedes & Follows**

The candidate will have to give at least two precedes and follows to listed figures. Candidates should be prepared to describe the following terms: - Posture - Poise

  • Hold (body, arm/s and hand/s positions in relation to the partner)
  • Body Positions
  • Alignment (direction of feet in relation to the dance space)
  • Complete amount of turn from start to finish of any figure
  • Footwork (the part of the foot in contact with the floor at any time)
  • CBM, CBMP (Contra Body Movement and Contra Body Movement Position)
  • Actions (e.g., Sway, Swing, Hip actions, dance specific Weight Transferring - Time Signature
  • Tempo
  • Accents in music
  • Timing (beat values per step)

Teacher’s Etiquette

  • Wearing appropriate clothing and shoes when teaching - Maintaining good personal hygiene
  • Being aware of others teaching in the same floor space
  • Treating peers and pupils with respect
  • Having good timekeeping and punctuality

The teaching methods and strategies should be carefully related to the student’s age, physical and cognitive ability, preferred learning style, emotional readiness and maturity. Motivation techniques should balance praising and constructive feedback.

Please be aware that you are a role model to your students and should conduct the teaching process in the most professional way possible.

Latin American Required Syllabus Figures

Rumba

  1. Basic Movements (Closed, Open, In Place and Alternative)
  2. New York (to Left or Right-Side Position)
  3. Spot Turns to Left or Right (including Switch Turns and Underarm Turns)
  4. Hand to Hand (to Left and Right-Side Position)
  5. Fan
  6. Alemana
  7. Hockey Stick
  8. Shoulder to Shoulder (Left Side and Right Side)
  9. Opening Out to Left and Right
  10. Cucarachas (Left foot and Right foot)
  11. Progressive Walks Forward and Backward

 

Samba

  1. Basic Movements (Natural, Reverse, Side and Progressive)
  2. Whisks (also with Lady's Underarm Turns)
  3. Samba Walks (Promenade, Side, Stationary
  4. Rhythm Bounce
  5. Volta Movements
  6. Traveling Bota Fogo Forward
  7. Criss Cross Bota Fogo (Shadow Bota Fogos)
  8. Traveling Bota Fogo Back
  9. Bota Fogo to Promenade and Counter Promenade
  10. Criss Cross Volta
  11. Solo Spot Volta

Paso Doble

  1. Sur Place
  2. Basic Movement
  3. Chasses to Right and Left (including Elevations)
  4. Drag
  5. Deplacement (Attack)
  6. Promenade Link (including Promenade Close)
  7. Promenade
  8. Ecart (Fallaway Whisk)
  9. Huit
  10. Separation
  11. Sixteen

Jive

  1. Basic in Place
  2. Fallaway Rock
  3. Fallaway Throwaway
  4. Link with alternatives to 1-2 of link:

4a. Flick (or point), ball change

4b. Hesitation, ball change

4c. Hesitation, close, forward

4d. Hesitation, half close, forward

  1. Change of Places Right to Left
  2. Change of Places Left to Right
  3. Change of Hands Behind Back
  4. Hip Bump (Left Shoulder Shove)
  5. American Spin
  6. Stop and Go
  7. Mooch

Cha Cha Cha

  1. Basic Movements (Closed, Open and In Place)
  2. New York (to Left or Right-Side Position)
  3. Spot Turns to Left or Right (including Switch Turns and Underarm Turns)
  4. Shoulder to Shoulder (Left Side and Right Side)
  5. Hand to Hand (to Left and Right-Side Position)
  6. Fan
  7. Alemana
  8. Hockey Stick
  9. Three Cha Cha Chas (Forward and Back)
  10. There and Back
  11. Time Steps

 

Precedes and Follows

Rumba

  1. What figure/s could precede Closed Basic Movement?
  • Close/Closed or Open Basic Movement
  • RF Cucaracha
  • New York to RSP end facing partner
  • Spot/Switch Turn to L (Follower R)
  • Underarm Turn to R
  • R Side Shoulder to Shoulder end facing partner
  • Hand to Hand to LSP
  • Progressive Walks Forward
  • Progressive Walks Forward in LSP end facing partner
  • Alemana
  • Opening Out to R and L
  1. What figure/s could precede New York to L side Position/Check From CPP ?
  • Close/Closed or Open Basic Movement ended in OCPP
  • New York to RSP
  • Check from OPP
  • Spot/Switch Turn to L (Follower R)
  • Underarm Turn to R
  • Hand to Hand to LSP
  • R Side Shoulder to Shoulder
  • Alemana
  • Hockey Stick
  1. What figure/s could follow Hand to Hand to R side Position?
  • 4-6 Close/Closed Basic Movement
  • New York to RSP
  • Check from PP
  • Spot/Switch Turn to L (Follower R)
  • Underarm Turn to R
  • Hand to Hand to LSP
  • 4-6 Fan
  1. What figure/s could precede Alemana?
  • Fan
  • If Commenced in Open Position, 1-3 Open Basic (closing on step 3) What figure could follow Hockey Stick?
  • Open Basic Movement
  • L Side Shoulder to Shoulder
  • 1-3 Open Basic Movement into Progressive Walks Back
  • Alemana from OP

6.What figure/s could precede L Side Shoulder to Shoulder?

  • Close/Closed Basic Movement (1/8 turn to R on step 6)
  • Underarm Turn to R (1/8 turn to R on step 6)
  • R Side Shoulder to Shoulder What figure/s could follow Fan?
  • Alemana
  • Hockey Stick

8.What figures/s could precede Progressive Walks Back (Leader) ?

  • 1-3 Open Basic Movement

9.What figure/s could follow Opening Out to R & L?

  • Opening Out to R followed by Under Arm Turn to R
  • Closed Basic Movement
  • Fan
  1. What figure/s could follow a Cucaracha on LF (Leader)?
  • RF Cucaracha
  • 4-6 Closed or Open Basic Movement

 

Samba

  1. What figure/s can follow Natural Basic Movement?
  • Any syllabus figure commenced with RF - e.g Natural Basic Movement
  • Progressive Basic
  • Whisk to R
  1. What figure/s can precede Samba Walk in PP on LF (Leader)?
  • Whisk to R (having turned to L, end in PP)
  • RF Samba Walk
  • Side Samba Walk (1/8 turn to L on step 1)
  • Samba Walk in PP on RF
  1. What figure/s can follow Whisk to R?
  • Reverse Basic Movement
  • Whisk to L
  • LF Samba Walk (having turned to PP
  • Travelling Volta to L
  • Solo Spot Volta to L (Follower R)
  1. What figure/s can precede Criss Cross Bota Fogos?
  • Side Samba Walk
  • Criss Cross Volta
  1. What figure can precede a Stationary Samba Walk on LF (Leader)?
  • Side Samba Walk turning 1/4 to R
  • Travelling Volta to L
  • Stationary Samba Walk RF
  1. What figure/s can follow Criss Cross Bota Fogos (Shadow Bota Fogos)?
  • Stationary Samba Walk leading partner to dance turning spot Volta underarm
  • Criss Cross Volta
  • Solo Spot Volta to L
  1. What figure/s can follow Bota Fogos to PP & CPP?
  • RF Samba Walk in PP
  • Side Samba Walk
  • Travelling Volta to L commenced with RF (Turning to face partner on step 1)
  1. What figure/s can follow Criss Cross Volta?
  • Reverse Basic Movement
  • Whisk to L
  • Stationary Samba Walks
  • Criss Cross Bota Fogos
  • Bota Fogos to PP and CPP
  1. What figure can precede a Solo Spot Volta to L (Leader)?
  • Side Samba Walk
  • Whisk to R
  • Solo Spot Volta to R
  1. What figure can precede Travelling Bota Fogo Forward?
  • Natural Basic Movement having turned to L

 

Paso Doble

  1. What figure/s can follow an Sur Place?
  • Any figure ended with feet together weight on LF (e.g Basic Movement) Drag
  • Chasses to R or L
  • Promenade Link
  • Promenade
  • Huit
  • Sixteen
  1. What figure/s can precede the Drag?
  • Any figure with feet together weight on LF
  • Sur Place
  • Basic Movement
  • Deplacement/Attack
  1. What figure/s follow Promenade Link/Promenade Close?
  • Any syllabus figure commenced with feet together weight on LF e.g. Chasse to R
  • Sur Place
  • Basic Movement
  • Ecart
  • Drag
  1. What figure/s can precede the Separation?
  • Any syllabus figure ended with feet together and depending on alignment (e.g. if commenced LOD - Sur Place)
  • Basic Movement
  • Attack
  • Separation
  1. What figure/s can follow Separation?
  • Sur Place
  • Basic Movement
  • Deplacement/Attack
  • Separation
  1. What figure/s can follow Chasse to L?
  • Promenade
  • Sixteen
  • Ecart
  • When ended in PP - Promenade Close
  • Huit
  1. What figure/s can precede Huit?
  • Sur Place or Basic Movement ended in PP
  • Chasse to L ended in PP
  • Ecart
  1. What figure/e can follow Attack?
  • When ended Facing C - Sur Place, Basic Movement, Chasse to R, Ecart • When ended Facing LOD - Promenade Link, Separation
  1. What figure/s can follow Promenade?
  • Sur Place
  • Basic Movement
  • Chasse to R
  • Drag
  • Attack
  1. What figure/s can follow Sixteen?
  • Any syllabus figure commenced facing Centre with feet together e.g. Sur

Place, Basic Movement, Chasse to R, Drag, Ecart, Attack

 

Jive

  1. What figure/s can precede Fallaway Rock/Basic in Fallaway?
  • Basic in Place
  • Fallaway Rock/Fallaway Basic
  • Link
  • Mooch
  1. What figure/s can follow Change of Places L to R?
  • Change of Places L to R
  • Link
  • Change of Hands Behind Back
  • American Spin
  • Stop and Go
  1. What figure/s can follow Fallaway Throwaway?
  • Link
  • Change of Places L to R
  • Change of Hands behind Back
  • Hip Bump
  • American Spin
  • Stop and Go
  1. What figure/s can precede Change of Hands behind Back?
  • Fallaway Throwaway
  • Change of Places R to L
  • Change of Places L to R
  • Change of Hands behind Back
  • Hip Bump
  • American Spin
  • Stop and Go
  1. What figure/s can precede Fallaway Throwaway?
  • Basic in Place
  • Fallaway Rock
  • Link
  • Mooch
  1. What figure/s can follow Change of Places R to L?
  • Change of Places L to R
  • Change of Hands behind Back
  • Link - Hip Bump
  • American Spin
  • Stop and Go
  1. What figure/s can precede Hip Bump?
  • Fallaway Throwaway
  • Change of Places R to L
  • Change of Places L to R
  • Change of Hands behind Back
  • Hip Bump
  • American Spin
  • Stop and Go
  1. What figure/s can follow Stop and Go?
  • Link
  • Change of Places L to R
  • Change of Hands behind Back
  • Hip Bump
  • American Spin
  • Stop and Go
  1. What figure/s can precede Mooch?
  • Basic in Place
  • Fallaway Rock
  • Link
  1. What figure/s can follow American Spin?
  • When ended with R to R hold - Change of Places L to R
  • American Spin
  • When ended with L to R hold - Link
  • Change of Places L to R
  • Change of Hands behind Back
  • Hip Bump
  • Stop and Go

 

Cha Cha Cha

  1. What figure/s can precede Open Basic?
  • When danced in Closed Position - Close /Closed or Open Basic Movement, New York to RSP end facing Partner, Spot/Switch Turn to L (Follower R), Underarm Turn to R, R Side Shoulder to Shoulder end facing partner, Hand to Hand to LSP, Three Cha Cha Chas Forward in Closed Position, Side Step to L or R commenced with RF, There and Back, Three Cha Cha Chas Forward in LSP end facing Partner • When danced in Open Position - Three Cha Cha Chas Forward, Hockey Stick
  1. What figures/s can follow Switch/ Spot Turn to R (Leader)?
  • 6-10 Close/Closed or Open Basic Movement
  • New York to RSP
  • Spot/ Switch Turn to L (Follower R)
  • Underarm Turn to R
  • Hand to Hand to LSP
  • RF Time Step
  • R Side Shoulder to Shoulder
  • 4 - 9 Three Cha Cha Chas Forward in RSP
  • 6-10 Fan
  1. What figure/s can precede Hockey Stick?
  • Fan
  1. What figure/s can follow 3 Cha Cha Chas Back (Leader)?
  • 6-10 Close/Closed or Open Basic
  • 6,7 Closed or Open Basic Movement into 3 Cha Cha Chas Forward
  • 6-10 Fan
  • 6-10 Alemana
  1. What figure/s can precede New York to LSP/Check from Open CPP?
  • Basic Movement ended in CPP
  • New York to RSP/Check from Open PP
  • Hand to Hand ended in CPP
  • Spot/Switch Turn to L (Follower R)
  • Hockey Stick
  1. What figure/s can follow There and Back?
  • Close/Closed or Open Basic Movement
  • Spot or Switch Turn to R
  • Hand to Hand to RSP
  • LF Time Step
  • Fan
  • There and Back
  1. What figure/s can follow Alemana?
  • Close/Closed or Open Basic Movement
  • There and Back
  • Fan
  • If ended to Side - Hand to Hand to RSP, LF Time Step
  • If ended in Open CPP - New York to LSP , Spot/Switch Turn to R (Follower L), Underarm Turn to L, 4-9

Three Cha Cha Chas Forward in LSP 8. What figure/s can follow Hockey Stick?

  • Open Basic Movement
  • 4-9 Three Cha Cha Chas Forward
  • Alemana commenced in OP
  • L Side Shoulder to Shoulder
  • When ended in CPP - New York to LSP
  1. What figure/s can precede Hand to Hand to RSP?
  • Close/Closed Basic Movement
  • New York to RSP end facing Partner
  • Spot/Switch Turn to L (Follower R)
  • Underarm Turn to R
  • R Side Shoulder to Shoulder end facing partner
  • Hand to Hand to LSP
  • Three Cha Cha Chas Forward in LSP end facing partner
  1. What figure/s can precede LF Time Step for Leader?
  • Close/Closed Basic Movement
  • New York to RSP end facing partner
  • Spot/ Switch Turn to L (Follower R)
  • Underarm Turn to R
  • R Side Shoulder to Shoulder end facing partner
  • Hand to Hand to LSP
  • RF Time Step
  • Alemana

Latin General Question Bank

  1. Explain full, part and minimal Weight Transferring.
  2. Explain Latin Cross (ISTD term Cuban Cross).
  3. Explain Forward Walk Turning.
  4. Explain Delayed Walks:
  • Delayed Forward Walk, knee compressed (ISTD term Pressed Forward Walk)
  • Delayed Forward Walk, knee straight (ISTD term Extended Forward Walk) - Delayed Backward Walk, knee compressed (ISTD term Pressed Backward Walk) 5. Explain the difference between Closed and Open Position.
  1. How many of Basic Positions do you know?
  2. Describe different types of connections/leads, physical and non-physical. Explain Promenade and Counter Promenade Position and give examples.
  3. What is Time Signature?
  4. Explain how many beats are in one bar of music in Samba, Cha Cha Cha, Rumba, Paso Doble and Jive.
  5. What are Accents in music?
  6. Explain where are percussive/dynamic Accents in the bar in Samba, Cha Cha Cha, Rumba, Paso Doble and Jive.
  7. What is Tempo in music?
  8. What is the Tempo of Samba, Cha Cha Cha, Rumba, Paso Doble and Jive?
  9. What is the difference between Rhythm and Timing?

Ballroom Required Syllabus Figures

Waltz

  1. Closed Change (L commencing right foot)
  2. Closed Change (L commencing left foot)
  3. Natural Turn
  4. Reverse Turn
  5. Closed Impetus
  6. Whisk
  7. Chasse from Promenade Position
  8. Natural Spin Turn

Quickstep

  1. Quarter Turn
  2. Natural Turn
  3. Natural Turn with Hesitation
  4. Natural Spin Turn
  5. Progressive Chasse
  6. Chasse Reverse Turn
  7. Forward Lock
  8. Change of Direction

 

Tango

  1. Walk
  2. Progressive Side Step
  3. Progressive Link
  4. Closed Promenade Rock Turn
  5. Open Reverse Turn (Follower Outside)
  6. Back Corte

 

Slow Foxtrot

  1. Feather Step
  2. Reverse Turn
  3. Feather Finish
  4. Three Step
  5. Natural Turn
  6. Closed Impetus with Feather Finish
  7. Weave
  8. Change of Direction

Viennese Waltz

  1. Change Step Forward
  2. Change Step Back
  3. Natural Turn
  4. Reverse Turn

Precedes and Follows

Waltz

  1. What figure/s could precede LF Closed Change?
  • RF Closed Change
  • Reverse Turn
  1. What figure/s could precede a Natural Turn?
  • RF Closed Change
  1. What figure/s could precede a follow a Reverse Turn?
  • LF Closed Change
  • Whisk
  1. What figure/s could follow a LF Closed Change?
  • Any Natural Figure
  • Natural Turn
  • Natural Spin Turn
  • 1-3 Natural into Closed Impetus What figure could follow a Whisk?
  • Chasse from PP
  1. What figure/s could follow a Chasse from PP?
  • Any Natural figure
  • When step 1 taken o/s partner - Natural Turn, Natural Spin Turn, 1-3 Natural Turn into Closed Impetus
  1. What figure/s could follow Natural/Underturned Spin Turn?
  • 4-6 Reverse Turn
  1. What figure/s could follow a Closed Impetus?
  • 4-6 Reverse Turn
  1. What figure could precede a Chasse from PP?
  • Whisk

10.What figure could precede a Natural Turn?

  • LF Closed Change
  • Chasse from PP Step 1 taken o/s partner

Slow Foxtrot

1.What figure could follow a Feather Step D to C?

  • Reverse Turn

2.What figure could follow a Feather Step LOD?

  • Three Step

3.What figure could follow a Natural Turn?

  • Feather Step

4.What figure/s could follow a Reverse Turn?

  • Three Step
  • Change of Direction
  • 1-4 Reverse Turn into Basic Weave

5.What figure could precede a Closed Impetus?

  • 1-3 Natural Turn

6.What figure/s could precede a Change of Direction?

  • Reverse Turn
  • Basic Weave

7.What figure/s could follow a Basic Weave?

  • Three Step
  • Change of Direction

8.What figure/s could precede a Threes Step?

  • Feather Step
  • Reverse Turn
  • Basic Weave
  • Closed Impetus
  • Feather Finish Ending

9.What figure could follow a Change of Direction?

  • Feather Step

10.What figure/s Could precede a Basic Weave?

  • 1-4 Reverse Turn

 

Quickstep

1.What figure could follow Quarter Turn to R?

  • Progressive Chasse
  1. What figure could follow a Progressive Chasse?
  • Forward Lock Step
  1. What figure could precede a Chasse Reverse Turn?
  • Natural Turn with Hesitation
  1. What figure could follow a Chasse Reverse Turn?
  • Progressive Chasse (3/8 turn)
  1. What figure could precede a Natural Spin Turn?
  • Forward Lock Step • Progressive Chasse
  1. What figure could precede a Quarter Turn to R?
  • Natural Turn
  • Progressive Chasse
  • Forward Lock Step (Step 1 o/s partner)
  1. What Figure could precede a Natural Turn with Hesitation?
  • Natural Turn
  • Progressive Chasse
  • Forward Lock Step (step 1 o/s partner)
  1. What figure/s could precede a Progressive Chasse commenced Backing D to C?
  • Quarter Turn to R
  • Natural/Under turned Spin Turn

9.What figure could precede Progressive Chasse commenced Backing LOD?

  • Chasse Reverse Turn

10.What figure could follow a Natural Turn?

  • Quarter Turn to R

 

Tango

  1. What figure/s could precede Progressive Link?
  • Walk on RF
  • Closed Promenade
  • Rock Turn
  • Back Corte
  • Closed Finish
  1. What figure could follow Progressive Link?
  • Closed Promenade
  1. What figure/s could follow Closed Promenade?
  • Walk on LF
  • Progressive Link
  • Progressive Sidestep
  • Back Corte
  1. What figure could precede Reverse Turn (Follower o/s)?
  • Walk on RF
  • Closed Finish
  1. What figure could precede a Progressive Side Step?
  • Walk on RF
  • Closed Promenade
  • Closed Finish
  • Back Corte
  • Rock Turn
  1. What figure could follow Reverse Turn Partner o/s Closed Finish?
  • Walk on LF
  • Progressive Link
  • Progressive Sidestep
  1. What figure could precede Rock Turn?
  • Walk on LF
  1. What figure could follow Rock Turn?
  • Walk on LF
  • Progressive Link
  • Progressive Sidestep
  1. What figure could follow a Progressive Side Step?
  • Walk on RF
  1. What figure could follow a Back Corte?
  • Walk on LF
  • Progressive Sidestep
  • Progressive Link

 

Ballroom General Question Bank

  1. Explain the difference between closed hold and promenade position.
  2. How many of ballroom basic positions do you know?
  3. Describe CBM (Contra Body Movement).
  4. Describe CBMP (Contra Body Movement Position).
  5. What is Sway?
  6. Describe Swing Action.
  7. What NFR (No Foot Rise) means?
  8. What is time signature?
  9. Explain how many beats are in one bar of music in Waltz, Tango, Slow Foxtrot, Quickstep and Viennese Waltz.
  10. What are accents in music?
  11. Explain where are metric and dynamic accents in the bar in Waltz, Tango, Slow Foxtrot, Quickstep and Viennese Waltz.
  12. What is tempo in music?
  13. What is the tempo of Waltz, Tango, Slow Foxtrot, Quickstep and Viennese Waltz?
  14. Describe the difference in hold between Tango and other four Ballroom dances.
  15. Explain the difference between Ballroom posture for the Leader and Follower.

Recommended Technique Books

Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing (ISTD), Latin American Technique International Dance Teachers’ Association (IDTA), Walter Laird: Technique of Latin Dancing Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing (ISTD), The Ballroom Technique Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing (ISTD), The Viennese Waltz Technique International Dance Teachers’ Association (IDTA), Technique of Ballroom Dancing by Guy Howard Books can be purchased via DSI London - www.dsi-london.com

 

Glossary

Dance Technique Alignment - the direction of the feet and body in relation to the Line of Dance

Chasse - a set of three steps in which the feet are closed or half-closed on the second step Contra Body Movement (CBM) - is the turning of the opposite side of the body in the direction of the moving leg and is used to commence turns

Contra Body Movement Position (CBMP) - is a foot position where the moving foot is placed on or across the line of the supporting foot either in front or behind

Hold - the positioning of the bodies in relationship to each other as well as the positioning of arms and hands

No Foot Rise (NFR) - the rise through the legs and body, but not feet

Outside Partner - when the Leader moves forward in CBMP

Partner Outside - when the Leader moves backward in CBMP

Pivot - the turn made on the ball of the standing foot up to1/2 of the turn Sway - the inclination of the body to the right or left

 

Music

Accent - a beat of music that is played with greater dominance than the other beats in the bar; in most of Western music in 2/4, 3/4 and 4/4 time signature the strong metric accent normally occurs on beat one; in Swing/Jazz and Latin music the dynamic accent occur on the second and on the fourth beat in the bar

Bar - bar is the smallest musical structure; each bar usually has the same number of beats; Tango, Samba and Paso Doble have two beats in the bar, Slow Waltz and Viennese Waltz have three beats in the bar and Cha Cha Cha, Rumba, Jive, Slow Foxtrot and Quickstep have four beats in the bar

Beat - the beat is the basic pulse unit of metric music and can be divided on 1/2, 1/3, 1/4…

Meter - meter is regular effect of grouping beats. Most common are duple (in twos), triple (in threes) or quadruple (in fours), with expectations of stronger and weaker beats

Syncopation - interruption of the accent flow by placing the accent on a different beat or part of the beat

Tempo - tempo is a chosen speed at which beats occur, defined and measured by number of bars or beats per minute

Time signature - time signature is a numeric indication of meter, usually appearing at the beginning of music notes. The upper numeral tells how many beats are in a bar, the lower numeral shows what kind of note gets one beat

Timing - timing is the execution of the required actions to musical count and relate to the placement of an action in time duration; when we count the beats, a number (1,2,3,4) normally represent one beat in a bar, the term 'and' (+) represent one half of a beat and the term 'a' represents one quarter of a beat.

 

Contact Information

Lorna Lee

WDO assessor of education & certification

Email: education@worlddanceorganisation.com


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